91热爆

Mental and physical fatigue due to long working hours, lack of adequate rest periods and not being properly fed / hydrated could lead to an accident, and also cause increased levels of illness and stress. Whilst often manageable over short periods of high demand, prolonged periods of such working can have cumulative effects which are less easy to manage.

What Can Go Wrong?

• Mental fatigue 鈥� over the short term could lead to a lapse in concentration, reduced reaction time and poor decision making over safety critical issues. Fatigue is a known contributor to a high proportion of road traffic accidents and you are also much more likely to commit a driving offence.
• Heightened stress levels 鈥� over the long term could potentially lead to physiological and behavioural changes e.g. alcohol abuse.
• Physical fatigue 鈥� over both short and long term could lead to increasing risk of musculoskeletal problems / injuries.

Legal/91热爆 Requirements

In summary the 91热爆鈥檚 鈥淕uide to the Working Time Regulations鈥� stipulates the following limitations in relation to working time and the entitlement for rest periods:

• Working time should not exceed an average (over a defined reference period) of 48hrs per week, unless the worker has 鈥榦pted out鈥� (which is the case for most 91热爆 contracts).
• an uninterrupted rest break of not less than 20mins if daily working time is 6hrs or more.
• an uninterrupted daily break of not less than 11 consecutive hours in each 24hr work period.
• an uninterrupted rest period of not less than 24hrs a week; or two uninterrupted rest periods, each of 24hrs, over any two week period; or one uninterrupted rest period of 48hrs over two weeks.
• for night workers (meaning at least 3 hrs of work between 23:00 and 06:00), working hours should not exceed 8hrs in each 24hr period and these hours are to be recorded. Those who regularly work these hours are to receive regular health assessments.

Control Measures

General requirements

To minimise the risk of fatigue and possible accidents, when scheduling the work of others, managers should ensure:

• the hours required to complete the work task(s) are realistic and reasonable, and broadly in line with the scheduling guidelines described above, subject to defined contract or local derogations.
• that where it is reasonably foreseeable that the working hours will routinely go outside of these scheduling guidelines, a Senior Manager (not directly involved in preparing the schedule) should approve the schedule having due regard to operational needs and the safety and wellbeing of those affected.
• no-one has to rush to get the job done.
• no-one needs to regularly miss rest or meal breaks.
• scheduling conflicts are avoided wherever practical e.g. a 'late' followed by an 'early'.
• where the work is known to require deviation from the scheduling guidelines, these are discussed and agreed with staff ahead of the work commencing.
• no-one should be required to carry out complex or demanding tasks which present significant risk of injury (e.g. work at height, stunts, driving) when they can reasonably be expected to be tired or not fully alert.
• Compensatory rest or time off in lieu (TOIL) is provided for work in excess of the daily or weekly / fortnightly rest period entitlements.

Driving

• Driving to and from location (i.e. not to their normal place of work) is to be considered as 鈥榳orking hours鈥� in the schedule. If travelling directly to location from home, only those hours which are in excess of their normal commuting time are to be considered as working hours (Nb. departmental variations exist)
• Subject to the working hours described above and/or where the worker can reasonably be expected to become excessively fatigued (e.g. following repeated over-runs, demanding nature of work, long haul travel), they are either to be driven home by those not affected by fatigue or be given an 鈥榦vernight鈥� stay rather than drive themselves, or others, back to base / home.

Production shoots

• Those scheduling long period shoots, especially those involving a change of time zone and / or long haul travel, are to ensure the schedule remains reasonable and realistic, allowing an adequate period for acclimatisation and rest on arrival, and throughout the shoot, to enable crews to work safely and without undue accumulated fatigue.
• Managers on location are to monitor the working hours and stress levels of their team to ensure they remain reasonable and in broad agreement with the scheduled working hours. When seeking feedback from teams, managers should be wary of personal motivations to do a good job clouding people鈥檚 ability to judge whether they can continue to work safely. The difference between scheduled and actual hours should be known and fed back to those responsible for scheduling, ideally in wash-up meetings where all have a chance to contribute.
• On return from long period shoots (more than 1 week away from their normal place of work), workers are to be given the option to take any accrued time off in lieu (TOIL) to fully recover prior to returning to normal work. The TOIL policy should be agreed ahead of shoots.
• All 鈥榳orkers鈥� (staff, contractors, freelancers and also contributors) are to be encouraged to make known to their manager on location if they believe their working hours are either unreasonable or their levels of fatigue are such as to give cause for concern. Workers should be aware that they can speak in confidence to HR or their Safety Adviser if they feel that their working hours are excessive / unfair.
• Where practical, productions are to make enquiries of the working hours of contracted workers (freelance crews, talent) immediately prior to them joining the production to make sure they arrive fit and able to deliver against the schedule whilst continuing to meet the 91热爆鈥檚 guidelines for working time on productions.

Division Specific Issues

Journalism

• For long-running and fast-developing news stories, managers and deployers should carefully monitor working hours of teams in the field and, where necessary, send relief / additional presenters and crews to help cover the story and protect the health and wellbeing of all.

FAQs/Did You Know?

• One of the myths surrounding fatigue is that in an emergency the adrenaline surge gets people through. The truth is that emergencies aren't the problem.
• Exercise has little or no effect on alertness. Indeed, people who have been exercising / doing hard physical work are more likely to become tired and sleepy.
• Listening to the radio / music does not make people more alert it just stops them realising how tired they are.