Lack of reliable allies
France
There were question marks over France's ability to be an effective ally. The country was politically unstable during the 1930s with violent clashes in the streets between supporters of right and left-wing parties.
France also appeared unlikely to assist any attempt to act against Germany. They had not done so over the Rhineland in 1936. They preferred to take a defensive strategy behind the Maginot LineA line of fortifications, obstacles, and weapons built by France in the 1930s to deter invasion by Germany.. This was also due to the Great War. France had lost around 1,150,000 men during 1914-1918.
USA
The USA was following a policy of isolation and was inclined to stay out of European affairs.
Italy
After 1935, Italy under Mussolini had gradually moved away from Britain and France and closer to Germany. This led to Italy dropping its opposition to German demands over Austria.
USSR
The USSRUnion of Soviet Socialist Republics - collection of states, also known as the Soviet Union. was a bitter opponent of Nazi Germany. However, relations between Stalin and the British and French were clouded with suspicion.
Chamberlain was not convinced that the Red ArmyArmy of the USSR. would be effective. As a Conservative he was also opposed to their political views. Chamberlains failure to involve the Soviets over Munich only increased the suspicion.
British Empire
At the Imperial Conference in London in 1937, member states of the British Empire, such as Canada, Australia and South Africa, made it clear that they would not take part in another war in Europe.
League of Nations
The League of NationsAn international organisation where the leaders of countries could settle problems in the hope that they could thus avoid wars., established after WWI to help prevent future conflicts, had proved ineffective over both Manchuria and Abyssinia. The member states could not reach agreements or enforce their decisions.