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British and French appeasement, to 1938Economic difficulties

During the 1930s, Britain followed a policy of appeasement - giving Hitler what he wanted in order to keep the peace. There are a variety of reasons for this policy and debate around its effectiveness. Use this Higher History guide to learn about The Spanish Civil War, attitudes to the Paris Peace Settlement, and the effectiveness of appeasement.

Part of HistoryAppeasement and the Road to War

Economic difficulties

One of the early reasons for the adoption of appeasement was economic difficulties.

Impact of the Great War

  • In present day terms, the Great War had cost Britain around $35 billion.
  • As a result, the Government was looking to cut back on military spending.
  • In 1919 the Treasury introduced the Ten Year Rule - they believed there wouldn't be another major threat to the British Empire for at least 10 years.
  • As a result, the armed forces were cut back dramatically.

Economic depression

  • The Wall Street Crash of 1929 and the Great Depression also put off military spending.
  • Unemployment was rising and many businesses closed.
  • With three million people unemployed, the government faced greater need for social welfare spending.
  • Chamberlain wanted to increase the amount of money used for social welfare, so was reluctant to increase military spending.

Cost of rearmament

  • Spending on the armed forces would affect attempts to recover from the Depression.
  • It would divert spending away from social welfare
  • It would divert spending away from consumer goods such as cars or radios. These were very profitable and helped the economy to grow.

European recovery

  • Europe's economy was still recovering from the Great War and the effects of the Wall Street Crash.
  • It was thought that a strong, prosperous Germany could help revitalise the economy of these nations.

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