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Why the budget didn鈥檛 go as far as Mr Brown would like

• Mark Mardell
• 12 Mar 08, 08:31 PM

Europe鈥檚 prime ministers and presidents will meet in Brussels today for their spring meeting. What will they be talking about?

•Green tax

The chancellor announced in the Budget but he didn鈥檛 go as far as the prime minister would have liked.

For that Mr Brown has to come to Brussels. Much of today鈥檚 summit of the European Union鈥檚 prime ministers and presidents will be spent endorsing the details of .

But Mr Brown thinks they should go further and cut tax on green-friendly goods, whether energy-efficient refrigerators or loft insulation. But the EU鈥檚 rules say that sales tax - VAT - has to be set at a minimum of 15%. There are a whole load of exemptions for individual countries, but even then VAT can鈥檛 be set below 5%.

Will he succeed? You would think the other European leaders would be enthusiastic.

Their diplomats have already signed up to a text which urges the adoption of coherent policies which improve energy efficiency and 鈥渞ecognise that addressing energy and climate change is also a matter of shaping values and changing citizens鈥� behaviour.鈥�

The French president .

But the German leader Angela Merkel won鈥檛 back the plan. The last time this was raised, so many other countries asked for exemptions on their pet projects that it was abandoned.

But if this is a serious way to fight what the EU identifies as one of the biggest threats of our time, should they be prepared to squirm a little as they open a can of worms?

•Energy row

Mr Brown also intends to fire a few shots in the long-running war over Europe鈥檚 economic direction. The current battle is over . It鈥檚 happened in Britain, but not in France and Germany.

Fans of economic liberalism, such as the commission and the British government, say the single market can鈥檛 work properly while electricity companies own both power stations that generate the energy and the grid that distributes it (the same goes for gas companies too).

While the two are linked, it makes it very difficult for any other company to get into the market, so there鈥檚 no real competition.

The British government argues that making the single market work properly would mean more opportunity for British companies, and lower prices for consumers in the rest of Europe.

Ministers say that it would also benefit consumers because it makes energy supply more certain by encouraging fresh investment in equipment.

The commission鈥檚 first simple proposal to break up the companies was met with howls of protests from France and Germany.

They, along with Austria, Bulgaria, Greece, Luxembourg, Latvia and Slovakia, have come up with an alternative plan. They argue that splitting up the companies鈥� network doesn鈥檛 cut prices or encourage investment and has 鈥渘egative social consequences鈥�.

They propose instead that there should be Chinese walls between the two halves of an operation.

The commission has hit back in a speech by who argues .

For a while now, the commission, clearly feeling aching muscles in this tug-of-war, has been urging Mr Brown to 鈥減ull on the other end of the rope鈥� and perhaps haul Mr Sarkozy across the line.

Diplomats say Mr Brown will give 鈥渟trong support鈥� to the commission and will pull as hard on the rope as is needed to keep the main proposals alive.

The commission is feeling confident. Not because of any support from Mr Brown but .

It鈥檚 the Germany energy giant which has agreed to break itself up and sell off its energy grid to avoid legal action by the commission. This row will be aired today, but perhaps not resolved until the next big meeting in June.

•How climate change could flood Europe: not with water but with people

Foreign affairs high representative Javier Solana will present .

He suggests that, as island states and coastal areas disappear beneath the waves, and as fertile areas in Africa dry up, there will be increased conflicts over land, water and food.

These conflicts could fuel radicalisation. Shortages and disorder could mean a refugee crisis for the European Union. It鈥檚 a rather apocalyptic vision, perhaps appropriate given .

•Taking Sarko too 'littorally'

The French have watered down . This was originally a wheeze proposed by Nicholas Sarkozy during his election campaign, apparently to appease the Turks, whom he doesn鈥檛 want inside the EU.

The Germans felt that it could be a threat to the European Union itself, creating a club from which the landlocked and those next to rougher seas than the Med were excluded.

More practically they were concerned about EU funds being siphoned off to the Maghreb via this new organisation. They appear to have come to some agreement where it would supplement an existing link-up of countries in the region, .

The French President has also given way by turning a planned celebration of the Mediterranean Union on 14 July in aris into a summit of the European Union.

As ever, none of these may turn out to be what dominates the summit, indeed it may turn out, as people have been saying for weeks, that this is a summit with a lot substance, but no story.

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Could Finland snuff out the Lisbon Treaty?

• Mark Mardell
• 12 Mar 08, 07:58 AM

Those who want to stop the Lisbon Treaty may be in the mood for grasping, .

This is what鈥檚 known as 鈥渕oist oral snuff鈥� but is basically chewing tobacco in a sort of tea bag. It seems that Finland is so exercised about a European Union ban on the product that there is a suggestion that they could reject the treaty.

Or at least government could reject it. The islands are a semi-autonomous province of Finland, to join the EU and have special exemptions from certain European Union rules.

Now it wants more... or else.

Snus ban

Although snus was banned in the European Union in 1992, an exception was made for Sweden when it became an issue in their 1994 referendum about joining the EU.

Ships from the Aland Islands want to be able to sell it in Swedish waters. Although the Aland government could vote against the treaty and simply be outside its scope, reports that Finnish government ministers don鈥檛 find this acceptable.

I can鈥檛 see the European Commission risking the treaty over the issue, and it looks very much as if the Finns are playing hardball to get concessions, but interesting nonetheless.

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