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The unusual

When an element is unusual, unlike the other elements used or doesn't seem to 'fit' with its surroundings, we tend to look at it for longer as we try and work out why it is there.

The Ambassadors, Hans Holbein the Younger, 1533, oil on panel, Artepics / Alamy聽Stock Photo
Image caption,
The Ambassadors, Hans Holbein the Younger, 1533, oil on panel, Artepics / Alamy聽Stock Photo

At first The Ambassadors (Hans Holbein the Younger, 1533) looks like a conventional double portrait with a number of objects arranged between the figures.

At the bottom of the painting is an stretched image of a skull.

The unusual technique used to show the skull and the way it seems unconnected to the scene around it emphasises the importance of this image of death and mortality.

The Ambassadors, Hans Holbein the Younger, 1533, oil on panel, Artepics / Alamy聽Stock Photo
Image caption,
The Ambassadors, Hans Holbein the Younger, 1533, oil on panel, Artepics / Alamy聽Stock Photo
Villa R, Paul Klee, 1919, oil on panel, The Artchives / Alamy聽Stock Photo
Image caption,
Villa R, Paul Klee, 1919, oil on panel, The Artchives / Alamy聽Stock Photo

In Paul Klee鈥檚 Villa R, our eye is drawn to the familiar shape of the capital letter R.

It stands out as an unusual feature against the mix of and shapes used to portray the house and surrounding landscape.

Villa R, Paul Klee, 1919, oil on panel, The Artchives / Alamy聽Stock Photo
Image caption,
Villa R, Paul Klee, 1919, oil on panel, The Artchives / Alamy聽Stock Photo
Maman, Louise Bourgeois, 1999, steel and marble, LOOK Die Bildagentur der Fotografen GmbH / Alamy Stock Photo
Image caption,
Maman, Louise Bourgeois, 1999, steel and marble, LOOK Die Bildagentur der Fotografen GmbH / Alamy Stock Photo

Unusual scale can also create emphasis. Maman by Louise Bourgeois (1999) uses its size to great effect. Viewers can walk underneath this enormous spider and feel small and insignificant in comparison.

The sculpture has turned a very small, largely unnoticed object into something giant. Bourgeois has made something terrifying that would get the viewer鈥檚 attention, even from a great distance.