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	3 Oct 2014

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Richard I

The Third Crusade and the Death of the Lionheart
Richard I and other Princes of Europe buried their differences and journeyed to the Holy Land. It was a temporary truce indeed on his way home, in 1193, Richard was captured and imprisoned by one of those Princes, the Duke Leopold of Austria. Finally the Duke sold the king to the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry the Sixth who demanded a huge ransom, twice the annual revenue of the English Crown. The English peoples were taxed and taxed again and Richard finally returned home on 13th March 1194.

He had to leave almost immediately to defend his territories in France against his brother, John and Philip Augustus II of France. He left England in the care of Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury and chief justice.

Richard I never returned to England, he died trying to win treasure in order to continue the defence of his French territories. On his deathbed he declared John, his brother, as his heir.

HUBERT WALTER (c. 1140-1205)

Studied at Bologna
A judicial and administrative clerk to Henry II
Richard made Hubert Walter Bishop of Salisbury in 1189 and he accompanied him on the Third Crusade as Chief of Staff
In 1193 Richard made him Archbishop of Canterbury and Chief Justice and left him to govern England while the King went to defend his French territories
In 1195 he was made papal legate and on John's accession was appointed Chancellor

did you know?
The first Lord Mayor of London was Henry fitz Achuin. He became Lord Mayor in 1191.

The Ordinance of Saladin Tithe
Each man shall give in alms a tenth of his revenue and movables with the exception of the arms, horses, and garments of the knights, and likewise with the exception of the horses, books, garments, and vestments, and all the appurtenances of whatever sort used by clerks in divine service, and the precious stones belonging to both clerks and laymen.

Moreover, let this money be collected in each parish in the presence of the parish priest, the rural dean, one knight Templar, one Knight Hospitaller, a servant of the lord king and the king's clerk, a servant of the baron and his clerk, and the clerk of the bishop; excommunication having been previously pronounced by the archbishops, bishops and rural deans, each in every parish, upon anyone who shall not lawfully have paid the aforesaid tithe . . . and if anyone to their knowledge shall have given less than he ought, four or six lawful men shall be chosen from the parish, who shall declare upon oath what amount he ought to have declared; and this sum shall then be added to the smaller amount he has given.

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1165 William I, the Lion, king of Scots

1189 Richard I, Coeur de Lion becomes king of England

1190 Richard joined the Third Crusade

1192 Richard imprisoned in Germany

1199 Richard is killed in France
John becomes king of England

1200 John makes peace with France and marries Isabel of Angouleme

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