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Richard's first commitment was to the Third Crusade: to rescue the Holy Land from the infidel. To fund this trip he ruthlessly taxed the nation and sold every office possible including Scotland. As soon as Richard left for Saladin the scheming began.

Richard I

RICHARD I, COEUR DE LION (1157-1199)

• The third son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine
• Henry favoured his youngest son John, and Richard turned to Philip II Augustus of France
• In 1189 he became King of England on Henry's death but shortly after in 1190 he set off on the Third Crusade, leaving his brother John in charge
• Married Berengaria of Navarre thus ensuring the safety of his southern lands but in so doing fell out with Philip II to whose sister he had been betrothed
• On his return home he was captured and held to ransom by Leopold of Austria
• Philip II took this opportunity to seize some important frontier castles
• Devoted the remainder of his life to their recovery

Richard I left England within four months of being crowned to "take the cross".

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1177	Henry II's youngest son, John is made Lord of Ireland
1189	Henry II dies Richard I becomes king
1190	Richard joins the Third Crusade
1192	Richard is imprisoned in Germany
1194	Richard returns to England
1199	Richard dies while fighting in France John I becomes king of England

COUNTIES GIVEN TO JOHN BY HIS BROTHER, RICHARD COEUR DE LION
•	Devon
•	Cornwall
•	Dorset
•	Somerset
•	Nottingham
•	Derby