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Why is it that the boss never seems to know what they鈥檙e doing? The famous 鈥淒ilbert principle鈥� asserts that companies promote incompetent employees into middle management to get them out of the way. But Professor David Dunning, co-creator of the competing 鈥淒unning鈥揔ruger effect鈥�, says there鈥檚 more to it than that, specifically that the more incompetent a person is, the more confident they can be. Meanwhile, Kelly Shue, Professor of Finance at Yale, says an even simpler idea, the 鈥淧eter Principle鈥� helps to explain why people get promoted beyond their level of competence. And entrepreneur Heather McGregor explains why the incompetence of a former boss led her to buy her own company

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