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The philosopher Mary Astell (1666 鈥� 1731) has been described as 鈥渢he first English feminist鈥�. Born in Newcastle in relatively poor circumstances in the aftermath of the upheaval of the English Civil War and the restoration of the monarchy, she moved to London as a young woman and became part of an extraordinary circle of intellectual and aristocratic women. In her pioneering publications, she argued that women鈥檚 education should be expanded, that men and women鈥檚 minds were the same and that no woman should be forced to marry against her will. Perhaps her most famous quotation is: 鈥淚f all Men are born Free, why are all Women born Slaves?鈥� Today, she is one of just a handful of female philosophers to be featured in the multi-volume Cambridge History of Political Thought. The image above is from Astell's "Reflections upon Marriage", 3rd edition, 1706, held by the British Library (Shelfmark 8415.bb.27) With: Hannah Dawson Senior Lecturer in the History of Ideas at King鈥檚 College London Mark Goldie Professor Emeritus of Intellectual History at the University of Cambridge Teresa Bejan Associate Professor of Political Theory at Oriel College, University of Oxford Producer: Simon Tillotson