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Birth rates in many countries, including China, Japan, Italy and the UK have dropped below replacement level. Clare McNeil asks if we should be concerned about this, and the burden it will place on taxpayers and the young, or welcome it as a good thing for climate change, where some think that the fewer consumers and CO2 emitters the better. But with fertility rates of 1.58 in England and Wales, and only 1.29 in Scotland, society is aging, with the higher healthcare and pension costs to be borne by the taxpayers of working age. What role could or should the government play in increasing the birthrate?

Presenter: Clare McNeil
Producer: Arlene Gregorius
Editor: Jasper Corbett

Speakers:
Angie Hobbs, Professor of the Public Understanding of Philosophy, the University of Sheffield
Lord David Willetts, President of the Resolution Foundation
George Monbiot, environmental campaigner and author
Felix Pinkert, Assistant professor of Philosophy and Economics, University of Vienna
Jacob Hacker, Professor of Political Science, Yale University
Jade Sasser, Associate Professor of Gender and Sexuality Studies, University of California, Riverside
Ronald Lee, emeritus professor of Demography and Economics, University of California, Berkeley