91热爆

G脿rradh Iapanach

Derek : Is mu dheireadh an dr脿st鈥�, tha obair ga dh猫anamh gus g脿rradh 脿raid Iapanach air cnoc Albannach a ch脿radh. Chaidh an g脿rradh aig Caisteal Cowden ann an Siorrachd Chlach Mhanainn a chruthachadh anns na ficheadan, 鈥檚 thuirt e貌laiche gur e seo an g脿rradh as cudromaiche air taobh siar an t-saoghail air fad. Tha Karen Elder ag aithris.

Karen: 鈥橲 e p矛os beag de dh鈥橧apan a tha seo air cnoc Albannach. Anns na ficheadan, fhuair a鈥� chiad gh脿irnealair boireann Iapanach, Taki Handa, coimisean bho Ella Christie gus an g脿rradh a chruthachadh 鈥� ach chaidh a mhilleadh le bleigeartan anns na tr矛 ficheadan. 鈥橲 ann an-dr脿sta fh猫in a tha t猫 a tha c脿irdeach ri Ella Christie airson 鈥檚 gun t猫id a ch脿radh, agus tha i air iomairt a th貌iseachadh. Tha daoine air tighinn bho air feadh an t-saoghail gu saor-thoileach, nam measg, an t-Ard Ollamh Fukohara bho Oilthigh Osaka, a tha na e貌laiche air g脿rraidhean Iapanach. Tha e fh猫in 鈥檚 a sgioba air tadhal air a鈥� gh脿rradh tr矛 tursan. Chuir iad craobhan is lusan, ch脿raich iad an Loch, agus an taigh t矛, agus chuir iad geata f脿ilteachaidh 霉r ann. Ach, tha mu mhillean nota fhathast a dh矛th air an iomairt, mus t猫id aca ris a鈥� gh脿rradh fhosgladh chun a鈥� phobaill son a鈥� chiad triop ann an leth-cheud bliadhna.听

鈥溍坕rich is Cuir Umad鈥�

鈥淎m fear a bhitheas fada gun 猫irigh, bidh e na leum fad an latha鈥�, arsa m脿thair N猫ill, agus i a鈥� toirt crathadh math air a ghualainn aig cairteal gu deich madainn Disathairne; 鈥渁 bheil guth agad idir air 猫irigh, a chaomhain? Fhuair thu cupa airson ruith is leum, is tu a fhuair, ach cha tig an latha a gheibh thu fear airson a bhith ag 猫irigh tr脿th anns a鈥� mhadainn. Siud thu, ma-t脿, a luaidh, is gun t猫id sinn greiseag don mhonaidh. Cha bu tu Calum B脿n, is fhada bho bha e fh猫in is athair air c霉l na beinne. Sin agad gille sunndach, 猫asgaidh.鈥�

Is ann a chuireadh e iongnadh ort nam faiceadh tu cho luath 鈥檚 a leum Niall s矛os an staidhre a鈥� mhadainn ud. 鈥淣ach mi tha 脿s mo rian ", ars esan ris fh猫in, 鈥渁鈥� cosg nan l脿ithean buidhe anns an leabaidh, agus na tha agam ri dh猫anamh - iasgach is sn脿mh is cluich, beanntan ri dh矛readh, sgothan ri she貌ladh, caoraich ri chruinneachadh, coineanaich ri ghlacadh is bodaich ri sp貌rs fhaighinn orra. Cha bhi an 霉ine ach goirid gu le貌r ged nach bithinn a鈥� cadal idir.鈥�

Chan fhaigh muinntir Sheumais air Calum a chumail anns an leabaidh ged bu bhuidhe leotha e. Tha esan ag 猫irigh tr脿th co-dhi霉, ach gu seachd 脿raidh an latha nach bi sgoil ann. Chan e sin do Mh脿iri e - chaidleadh ise gu meadhan-latha nam faigheadh i cothrom, agus chan eil teagamh nach d猫anadh i sin cuideachd, mura b鈥� e an t-eagal gun t貌isich Calum air tarraing aiste airson i bhith cho anmoch ag 猫irigh.听听

Chan iarr Calum fh猫in ach a bhith ri caran air choireigin, agus bha e air a l脿n d貌igh an uair a chuala e gur ann Disathairne a bha d霉il aig athair na caoraich-uan a r霉sgadh. Bha iad a-mach le ch猫ile aig cairteal gu ochd, agus deamhais an t-aon aca nan d貌rn agus 鈥淒矛leas鈥�, an c霉 dubh, air an s脿il.

鈥淎 bheil thu air 猫irigh, a Mh脿iri?鈥� arsa Calum, an uair a th脿inig e fh猫in is athair dhachaidh gu an d矛nneir air ch霉l d脿 uair dheug, 鈥渘ach tu rinn a鈥� mhocheirigh an-diugh!鈥�

鈥淐ha do chuir mise dragh oirre gus an robh e leth-uair an d猫idh naoi鈥�, fhreagair a mh脿thair, 鈥渂ha i cho sg矛th, an truaghag.鈥�

鈥淭ha diofar m貌r, a mh脿thair, eadar sg矛os is leisg鈥�, arsa Calum.

Cha tuirt M脿iri bhochd diog, ach mo l脿mh-sa gu faigh i cothrom air fhathast. Is math gu bheil i a鈥� tuigsinn nach eil a br脿thair ach ri fealla-dh脿, ged a tha e ladarna!

A. Tha fhios nach c霉m an cadal thu fh猫in gun na ceistean seo a fhreagairt gu h-猫asgaidh.
l. C貌 dh霉isg Niall anns a鈥� mhadainn Disathairne?
2. D猫 an uair aig an deach a dh霉sgadh?
3. Cuin a chaidh thu fh猫in a dh霉sgadh an-diugh?
4. Carson a bha Niall cho luath a鈥� cromadh na staidhre?
5. D猫 bha d霉il aige a dh猫anamh fhad 鈥檚 a bhitheadh an sgoil d霉inte?
6. D猫 bha a mh脿thair ag iarraidh air a dh猫anamh?
7. D猫 tha d霉il agadsa a dh猫anamh fhad 鈥檚 a bhitheas an sgoil d霉inte as t-samhradh?
8. Cuin a bhitheas Calum ag 猫irigh?
9. Carson a bhitheas M脿iri ag 猫irigh rudeigin tr脿th?
10. Cuin a dh鈥櫭╥readh i mur b鈥� e seo?
11. C脿it an deach Calum agus athair madainn Disathairne?
12. D猫 thug orra a dhol ann?
13. Cuin a chaidh iad ann?
14. D猫 thug iad leotha?
15. C貌 chaidh c貌mhla riutha?
16. Cuin a th脿inig iad dhachaidh gu an d矛nneir?
17. Cuin a dh鈥櫭╥rich M脿iri?
18. D猫 an t-ainm a tha air c霉 Chaluim?
19. D猫 an t-ainm a tha air a鈥� ch霉 agaibh fh猫in?
20. D猫 bhitheas na coin ag ithe?

B. Ma chanas mise geal, canaidh tusa dubh! D猫 nis na facail a chuireadh tu anns na sreathan seo?
1. Tha an t-uisge glan, ach tha am poll ....
2. Is ann caol a tha an c霉, ach tha an laogh ruadh ....
3. Is e aodach tana a tha ann an s矛oda, ach is e aodach .... a tha ann an cl貌.
4. Tha a sheanair be貌 fhathast, ach tha a sheanmhair ....
5. Is e rud milis a tha ann an si霉cair, ach is e f矛or bhlas .... a tha air be脿rnan-br矛de.
6. Tha e duilich beinn a dh矛readh, ach is e rud .... a tha ann cnoc a dh矛readh.
7. Is toigh leam rud ...., ach is .... orm rud gr脿nda.
8. Tha an sgian agadsa geur, ach cha ghe脿rr mise m貌ran leis an t猫 agam fh矛n - tha i cho ....
9. Is ann gu math fliuch a bha i an-d猫, ach tha sinn an d貌chas gum bi i .... a-m脿ireach.
10. Is ann cumhang a tha an loch, ach tha an cuan ....

C. C脿it am faiceadh tu iad seo?

1. m脿l听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听
2. innean
3. 脿rd-doras听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听
4. seotal
5. sparran听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听
6. iris
7. tobhta听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听
8. barrall
9. cearcall听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听
10. teadhair

Ruairidh: A鈥� fuireach anns na Hearadh agus d猫 tha thu ris bho latha gu latha anns na Hearadh?

Amy: O chan eil m貌ran, d矛reach dol dhan sgoil, agus mura h-eil mi san sgoil, bidh mi 鈥檚 d貌cha a鈥� cluich a鈥� bhocsa no, chan eil fhios a鈥檓, seinn, 鈥檚 d貌cha dol a choiseachd, no ag obair air na caoraich no rudeigin mar sin.听

Ruairidh: Seadh, an toil leat a bhith, fhios agad, air a鈥� chroit gu math tric...

Amy: O, 鈥檚 toil.

Ruairidh: Seadh, an e, fhios agad, sin do bhe貌-shl脿int鈥�, an e, a bhith air a鈥� chroit 鈥檚 d貌cha anns an 脿m ri teachd? Am biodh tu ag iarraidh sin a dh猫anamh mar obair?

Amy: O uill, chan eil fhios a鈥檓! Chan eil fhios a鈥檓! Tha mi ga fhaireachdainn gu math m矛-ch脿ilear sa gheamhradh, a bhith air a鈥� chroit, 鈥檚 a h-uile c脿il, is na b貌tainnean a鈥� faighinn fliuch is a h-uile c脿il mar sin ...

Ruairidh: Agus tha e cho rag 鈥檚 a ghabhas ...

Amy: O tha, tha e cho rag, yeah, agus tha 脿m breith nan uan gu math trang.听

Ruairidh: Agus a bheil sin a鈥� dol air adhart mun 脿m seo dhan a鈥� bhliadhna, an e?

Amy: Chan e, 鈥檚 e anns a鈥� Ghiblean.听

Ruairidh: Anns a鈥� Ghiblean, o 鈥檚 e, 鈥檚 e. Nuair a dh鈥檉h脿sas c霉isean nas bl脿ithe agus tha iad a鈥� f脿s beagan nas toilichte, na caoraich bochd, eh?!

Amy: O tha, nach eil?

Nuair a bha mi a鈥� fuireach ann an Tasmania, 鈥檚 iomadh beinn air an robh mi a bh鈥� air a h-ainmeachadh an d猫idh r矛gh no banrigh no neach ainmeil ann an eachdraidh na h-脤mpireachd. Mar eisimpleir, Mount King William, Mount Victoria, Mount Wellington. Cha b' e sin an cleachdadh aig na G脿idheil, ge-t脿. 鈥橲 e gl猫 bheag de dh鈥檃inmean-脿ite mar sin a th鈥� againn air a鈥� Gh脿idhealtachd.

Anns an Eilean Sgitheanach, tha cuid de mhullaichean anns a鈥� Chuiltheann a鈥� gi霉lain ainmean sreapadairean 鈥榗limbers鈥�. Mar eisimpleir, Sg霉rr Alasdair. Tha sin air ainmeachadh airson Alasdair MhicNeacail, Sgitheanach agus s脿r-Gh脿idheal. Dh矛rich e a鈥� bheinn anns a鈥� bhliadhna ochd ceud deug, seachdad 鈥檚 a tr矛. Roimhe sin, 鈥檚 e an Sg霉rr Biorach a bh鈥� air a鈥� bheinn mar ainm. Bha Sg霉rr Thormaid air ainmeachadh airson Tormod Collie, streapadair ainmeil. Agus fhuair Sg霉rr MhicCoinnich ainm bho Iain MacCoinnich, fear-i霉il nam beann.

Tha Beinn Fhionnla鈥� air t矛r-m貌r, tuath air Gleann Afraig. Fhuair i a h-ainm bho fhear ainmeil Fionnla鈥� MacRath 鈥� Fionnla鈥� Dubh nam Fiadh. Bha e be貌 anns an t-siathamh linn deug. 鈥橲 e sealgair a bh鈥� ann. Dh矛on e an d霉thaich aige bho dhaoine eile. 鈥楬e protected his country from others鈥�. Dh矛on e an d霉thaich aige. Th脿inig fear a shealg ann. Mharbh Fionnla鈥� e. 鈥橲 e duine cruaidh a bh鈥� ann. 鈥橲 d貌cha gun robh e coltach ri r矛gh anns an d霉thaich aige fh猫in! Co-dhi霉, 鈥檚 e Beinn Fhionnla鈥� a chanas sinn ris a鈥� bheinn sin chun an latha an-diugh.

1. S霉il Air Ais:听听 Chaidh X a dh猫anamh听听 (鈥榅 got done / was done鈥�)

(Faicibh Pr貌gram 10.听听 Cuideachd: BEAG AIR BHEAG Sreath 3, Pr貌gram 9.)

Chaidh an g脿rradh a chruthachadh.听听听听
鈥楾he garden was created.鈥�
罢丑猫颈诲 an drochaid a ch脿radh.听听听听
鈥楾he bridge will get restored.鈥�
Chaidh am b脿ta a bhualadh.听听听听
鈥楾he boat was hit.鈥�
Chaidh cumha a sheinn.听听听听
鈥楢 lament was sung.鈥櫶�听听听听听
Cha deach duine a ghoirteachadh.听听听听
鈥楴辞-辞苍别 got hurt.鈥櫶�听听听
Chaidh balla a thogail.听听听听
鈥楢 wall was built.鈥櫶�
罢丑猫颈诲 an geata a ch脿radh.听听听听
鈥楾he gate will get repaired.鈥�
罢丑猫颈诲 an g脿rradh fhosgladh chun a鈥� phobaill.听听听听
鈥楾he garden will be opened to the public.鈥�

Derek MacAoidh听 (Aithris na Maidne):

鈥�Chaidh an g脿rradh aig Caisteal Cowden ann an Siorrachd Chlach Mhanainn a chruthachadh anns na ficheadan.鈥澨�听听听
鈥淭he garden at Castle Cowden in Clackmannanshire was created in the twenties.鈥澨�

2. 鈥業/You/He/She鈥� etc.听 got chosen / was chosen鈥�:听 Chaidh mo/do/a thaghadh

(Faicibh BEAG AIR BHEAG听听 Sreath 3, Pr貌gram 10;听听 Sreath 2, Pr貌gram 5.)

Eisimpleir 1: taghadh 鈥榗hoosing鈥�.听 鈥業 was chosen / got chosen鈥�:

Chaidh an sgioba aca a thaghadh.听 鈥楾heir team got chosen.鈥�
Ach:
鈥業 was chosen / got chosen.鈥� Chaidh mo thaghadh. (鈥榃ent my 肠丑辞辞蝉颈苍驳.鈥�)
鈥�You were chosen.鈥� Chaidh do thaghadh. (鈥榃ent your 肠丑辞辞蝉颈苍驳.鈥�)
鈥�He/It was chosen.鈥� Chaidh a thaghadh. (鈥榃ent his/its 肠丑辞辞蝉颈苍驳.鈥�)听听听听
鈥�She/It was chosen.鈥� Chaidh a taghadh. (鈥榃ent her/its 肠丑辞辞蝉颈苍驳.鈥�)听听
鈥�奥别鈥檒濒 get chosen.鈥� 罢丑猫颈诲 ar taghadh. (鈥榃ill go our 肠丑辞辞蝉颈苍驳.鈥�)听听听
鈥�驰辞耻鈥檒濒 get chosen.鈥� 罢丑猫颈诲 ur taghadh. (鈥榃ill go your 肠丑辞辞蝉颈苍驳.鈥�)听听听听听
鈥�罢丑别测鈥檒濒 get chosen.鈥� 罢丑猫颈诲 an taghadh. (鈥榃ill go their 肠丑辞辞蝉颈苍驳.鈥�)听听听听听

Eisimpleir 2: milleadh听 鈥榮poiling, damaging鈥�.听 鈥業 was spoilt / got spoilt.鈥�

Karen Elder (Aithris na Maidne):听

鈥�Chaidh a mhilleadh le bleigeartan anns na tr矛 ficheadan.鈥澨�听听听
鈥淚t was damaged by vandals in the sixties.鈥�

Chaidh taigh-t矛 anns a鈥� gh脿rradh a mhilleadh.听
鈥楢 tea-house in the garden was vandalised.鈥�
Ach听听
鈥�It (masculine) was vandalised鈥�:听听听
Chaidh a mhilleadh.听 (鈥榃ent its/his 惫补苍诲补濒颈蝉颈苍驳.鈥�)

听
Chaidh drochaid anns a鈥� gh脿rradh a mhilleadh.听听
鈥楢 bridge in the garden was damaged.鈥�
Ach听听听
鈥�It (feminine) was damaged鈥�: Chaidh a milleadh. (鈥榃ent its/her damaging.鈥�)听

听
Chaidh na l貌chrain听 anns a鈥� gh脿rradh a mhilleadh.听听
鈥楾he lanterns in the garden were vandalised.鈥�
Ach听听
鈥�They were vandalised鈥�: Chaidh am milleadh. (鈥榃ent their 惫补苍诲补濒颈蝉颈苍驳.鈥�)

Chaidh mo mhilleadh le mo sheanmhair 鈥檚 mi 貌g.听听听听
鈥業 got spoilt by my granny when I was young.鈥� (鈥榃ent my 蝉辫辞颈濒颈苍驳鈥�)

Chaidh do mhilleadh 鈥檚 tu 貌g, agus tha bhuil!听听听听
鈥�You were spoilt as a kid, and it shows!鈥� (鈥榃ent your 蝉辫辞颈濒颈苍驳鈥�)

Eisimpleir 3: c脿radh听 鈥榬epairing鈥�.听 鈥業t got repaired鈥�:

Karen Elder (Aithris na Maidne):听

鈥�鈥橲 ann an-dr脿sta fh猫in a tha t猫 a tha c脿irdeach ri Ella Christie airson 鈥檚 gun t猫id a ch脿radh.鈥澨�听听
鈥淩ight now there鈥檚 a woman who鈥檚 related to Ella Christie wanting to have it repaired.鈥� (鈥榳anting that it will get repaired鈥�)

An t猫id an g脿rradh a ch脿radh?听 罢丑猫颈诲, th猫id a ch脿radh.听听听听
鈥榃ill the garden get restored?听 Yes, it will get restored.鈥� (鈥榠ts/his restoring鈥�)

An t猫id an drochaid a ch脿radh?听 罢丑猫颈诲, th猫id a c脿radh.听听听听
鈥榃ill the bridge get repaired?听 Yes, it will get repaired.鈥� (鈥榠ts/her repairing鈥�)

An t猫id na l貌chrain Iap脿nach a ch脿radh?听 罢丑猫颈诲, th猫id an c脿radh.听听听听
鈥榃ill the Japanese lanterns get repaired?听 Yes, they鈥檒l get repaired.鈥櫶�听听

Eisimpleir 4: togail听 鈥榬aising, bringing up, lifting鈥�.听 鈥業 was brought up鈥�:

Chaidh mo thogail le mo sheanmhair.听听听听
鈥業 was brought up by my grandmother.鈥櫶� (鈥�my bringing up鈥�)

C脿it鈥� an deach do thogail?听听听听
鈥榃here were you (thu) brought up?鈥櫶� (鈥�your bringing up鈥�)

Chaill p脿rantan Mhowgli e sa choille agus chaidh a thogail le madaidhean-allaidh.听听
鈥楳owgli鈥檚 parents lost him in the forest and he was brought up by wolves.鈥櫶� (鈥�his bringing up鈥�)

Rugadh i an Alba, ach chaidh a togail san t-Suain.听听听听
鈥楽he was born in Scotland but she was brought up in Sweden.鈥櫶� (鈥�her bringing up鈥�)

Chaidh ar togail mar aon teaghlach.听听听听
鈥�We were raised as one family.鈥櫶�听 (鈥�our 谤补颈蝉颈苍驳鈥�)

C脿it鈥� an deach ur togail?听听听听
鈥榃here were you (sibh) brought up?鈥櫶� (鈥�your bringing up鈥�)

罢丑猫颈诲 an togail leis a鈥� phost a-m脿ireach.听听听听
鈥�罢丑别测鈥檒濒 be picked up by the postie tomorrow.鈥櫶� (鈥�their picking up鈥�)

Eisimpleir 5:听 cur听 鈥榮ending, putting鈥�.听 鈥業 was sent鈥�:

罢丑猫颈诲 mo chur a Hiort.听听听听
鈥業鈥檒l get sent packing to St Kilda.鈥�
罢丑猫颈诲 a chur gu oifis eile.听听听听
鈥�贬别鈥檒濒 get sent to another office鈥�.听
Chaidh a cur gu dreuchd eile.听听听听
鈥�She got assigned to another job.鈥櫶�
Chaidh an cur air falbh an-d猫.听听听听
鈥�They were sent off yesterday.鈥�

3. PUINGEAN EILE (S霉il Air Ais):

(a) Chaidh agam ..../ 罢丑猫颈诲 agam ....听 (鈥榤anaging to ...., being able to ....鈥�)
(FAICIBH Pr貌gram 10.)

Karen Elder (Aithris na Maidne):听

鈥�Tha millean not fhathast a dh矛th air an iomairt, mus t猫id aca ris [ / air] a鈥� gh脿rradh fhosgladh chun a鈥� phobaill son a鈥� chiad triop ann an leth-cheud bliadhna.鈥澨�
鈥淭here鈥檚 a million pounds still needed by the campaign, before they鈥檙e able to open the garden to the public for the first time in fifty years.鈥�

Tha mi an d貌chas gun deach agaibh air bhith a-muigh.听听听听
鈥業 hope you managed to be outside.鈥�
An t猫id agad air saor-l脿ithean a ghabhail?听听听听
鈥�Will you manage to take a holiday?鈥櫶�

(b)听 Ga dh猫anamh (鈥榖eing done, in the process of being done鈥�)
(FAICIBH Pr貌gram 9.)

Derek MacAoidh (鈥楢ithris na Maidne鈥�)

鈥淚s mu dheireadh an-dr脿st鈥�, tha obair ga dh猫anamh gus g脿rradh 脿raid Iap脿nach air cnoc Albannach a ch脿radh.鈥�
鈥淎nd finally for the moment, work is ongoing (being done) to repair a special Japanese garden on a Scottish hill.鈥�