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Episode 4

Episode 4 of 10

John Urquhart guides learners, little by little, through the intricacies of the Gaelic language.

A bheil sibh ag ionnsachadh G脿idhlig? A bheil sibh feumach air misneachd gus ur G脿idhlig a chleachdadh? Ma tha, 's ann dhuibhse a tha Beag air Bheag, sreath gu s貌nraichte do luchd-ionnsachaidh na G脿idhlig.

Gach seachdain tre貌raichidh Iain Urchardan sibh tro ch貌mhraidhean agus tro aithrisean a bhios feumail dhuibh nur n-ionnsachadh. Beag air bheag, cuiridh sibh ri ur comasan ann a bhith a' bruidhinn G脿idhlig.

Sa phr貌gram seo, tha Iain a' c貌mhradh ri neach-ionnsachaidh na seachdain Calum MacLe貌id agus a' cluinntinn mu a roghainn-ci霉il, tha an t-Ollamh Michel Byrne air ais le Oisean a' Ghr脿mair agus cluinnear criomagan 脿 tasglann Radio nan G脿idheal.

In this programme for Gaelic learners, John Urquhart guides learners through the intricacies of Gaelic language, dialects, idioms and sayings and chats to Calum MacLeod about his learning experience and Gaelic grammar help is on hand with Dr Michel Byrne of Glasgow University who uses materials from the 91热爆 archives to illustrate some of the complexities of the language.

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54 minutes

Last on

Sun 16 May 2021 10:30

Tar-sgr矛obhadh: Tiugainn a Dhannsa

Ailean Caimbeul ann an c貌mhradh le Anna Michie


Ailean Caimbeul: Buinidh an t猫 a tha air aoigheachd air pr貌gram na seachdain an seo bho th霉s dha baile beag na Gn矛opa faisg air R貌dhag san Eilean Sgitheanach, agus dha teaghlach a bha is a tha fhathast cli霉iteach ann an saoghal ci霉il is dualchas na G脿idhlig. B鈥 e Anna Chaimbeul a bh鈥 innte mun do ph貌s i, agus ri linn 补鈥 ph貌saidh, 鈥檚 e Anna Michie a th鈥 oirre a-nist鈥.


Ach b鈥 e Anna Chaluim Sheumais, neo d矛reach Anna na Gn矛opa, a bh鈥 aig daoine oirre na h-貌ige. An-diugh 补鈥 fuireach ann an Inbhir Nis, dh鈥檌nns鈥 Anna dhomh mun 补鈥 chiad dannsa air a bheil cuimhne aice.


Anna Michie: A鈥 chiad danns鈥 a tha cuimhn鈥 agams鈥 air Ailean, tha mi 补鈥 creidsinn gun robh mi, gun robh mi ceithir bliadhn鈥 deug. Agus, bha an cogadh 补鈥 dol an uair sin. Agus, bhiodh iad 补鈥 cur dannsaichean air adhart airson airgead a thogail dha na saighdearan. Agus bha peathraichean m鈥 athair aig an taigh an turas seo, agus bha danns鈥 ann an Ceann an t-S脿ile. Bha talla beag ann a shin, is fhuair mi fh矛n is M脿iri mo phiuthar cead a dhol c貌mhla riutha. Agus am band a bh鈥 ann, 鈥檚 e bodach a bha 补鈥 fuireach faisg air an talla le melodeon, agus gu dearbh bha e math!


Ailean Caimbeul: Cha robh ce貌l ann ach am melodeon fh猫in, leis fh猫in?


Anna Michie: Cha robh s矛on ann ach am melodeon, agus bha e d矛reach air leth.


Ailean Caimbeul: Nise, bidh mi 补鈥 bruidhinn ri t貌rr dhaoine mun leithid seo Annag, agus bidh mi 补鈥 gabhail iongnadh as an t-saoghal anns a bheil sinn be貌 an-diugh, cha d猫an 肠貌尘丑濒补苍-肠颈霉颈濒 sgath gun amplifiers is speakers is gleadhraich is fuaim. Ciamar a bha daoine 补鈥 d猫anamh 补鈥 ch霉is, luchd-cluiche, chuimhne agad air ais an uair sin chun a - leithid an dannsa a bha sin ann an Ceann an t-S脿ile. An robh sibh 补鈥 cluinntinn 补鈥 chi霉il a dh鈥檃indeoin an t-shluagh 补鈥 dannsa?


Anna Michie: Bha. Cha robh leithid an rud le maic 补鈥 dol idir, idir, ach bha sinn 补鈥 cluinnteil 补鈥 chi霉il, agus bha an dannsa d矛reach m矛orbhaileach math. Chan fhaca mise dannsa ri, far an robh buidheann le microphones is a h-uile rud eile gus an d鈥 rinn mi a-nuas a Dh霉n 脠ideann.

Tar-sgr矛obhadh: 脪ran an L脿

Le Griogair Labhruidh


Griogair: Rugadh is thogadh mi ann an Gart 补鈥 Ch脿irn, Loch Laomainn, ach buinidh mo theaghlach do dh鈥橢arra-Gh脿idheal a Tuath do Bhaile Chaolais, agus tha buinteanas agam cuideachd le Sr貌n an t-S矛thein agus an sg矛re 脌ird nam Murchan.
Agus tha mi air 貌ran a thaghadh a chaidh a sgr矛obhadh anns an sg矛re sin le b脿rd s貌nraichte math air an robh D貌mhnall MacColla, 'F脿gail Cheann Ghe脿rrloch' an t-ainm a th鈥 air an 貌ran. Agus 鈥檚 e b脿rdachd s貌nraichte math a th鈥 ann. Anns an 貌ran, tha e 补鈥 bruidhinn air sealladh is air na f猫idh, is 补鈥 toirt seachad an gaol a th鈥 aige fh猫in air an 脿ite.


Agus tha an t-貌ran 补鈥 sealltainn na tha math mu dheidhinn b脿rdachd, gu s貌nraichte 脿 Earra Gh脿idheal a Tuath. Theirinn gur e duine s貌nraichte a bh鈥 ann an D貌mhnall MacColla le G脿idhlig dhomhainn, che貌lmh貌r, dhualchainnteach, n脿darra. B鈥 e D貌mhnall am b脿rd a bu chudromaiche a bha be貌 anns an fhicheadamh linn dh貌mhsa co-dhi霉.


Bha esan am measg na b脿ird mu dheireadh air t矛r-m貌r. Tha mi e貌lach air meall dhaoine anns an sg矛re agus cuimhn鈥 aca air D貌mhnall, agus tha mi 补鈥 smaoineachdainn gur e rud cudromach a tha sin oir tha e 补鈥 toirt dhut ceangal pearsanta leis 补鈥 bh脿rd.


Ged a rinn e meall 貌rain, theirinn gur e 'F脿gail Cheann Ghe脿rrloch' am fear as fhe脿rr dhomhsa co-dhi霉. Tha na facail a tha e ag 霉isneachadh anns an 貌ran f矛or l脿idir, agus tha fonn 脿raid air an 貌ran cuideachd.

Tar-sgr矛obhadh: An Claigeann aig Damien Hirst

Bhruidhinn iad air ais 鈥檚 air adhart, mar a bha dol do Mhargaidh nan Earrannan; mar a bha saoghal nam poilitigs agus d猫 bha tachairt ann an saoghal nan ealan agus mar sin air adhart.


鈥溾橲 ann nas miosa tha na h-ealain 补鈥 dol,鈥 ars am Morair agus a lip 补鈥 tuiteam. 鈥淎m faca tu an claigeann uabhasach a bha siud le Damien Hirst?鈥


鈥淐han fhaca,鈥 dh鈥檃idich Slim, 鈥渁ch tha mi e貌lach air cuid dhen ealain eile a rinn e, 补鈥 chaora ann 补鈥 formaldehyde agus an cearban cuideachd. Nach do chosg an cearban sia m矛le not? Chaidh breith air le iasgair proifeiseanta 脿 Astr脿ilia. 鈥楾he Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living鈥, nach e sin an t-ainm a thug e air.鈥


Bha dr猫in air 补鈥 Mhorair. 鈥淏y Jove, tha mi coma mun ainm, ach a bheil thu fh猫in 补鈥 smaoineachadh gur e ealain a th鈥 ann an sgudal mar siud?听 Dh鈥檉haodadh duine sam bith siud a dh猫anamh, beathach a chur ann a formaldehyde.鈥


Dh鈥檉h脿s Slim m矛-fhoighidneach. 鈥淎ch bha thu dol a dh鈥檌nnse dhomh mun chlaigeann.鈥


鈥淥, bha. An claigeann, air a dh猫anamh de phlatinum, air a ch貌mhdach le ochd m矛le, sia ceud agus aon daoimean 鈥檚 iad 补鈥 cosg mu ch貌ig millean deug not 鈥 nach eil sin m矛-chiatach?鈥


Bha 补鈥 ch霉is 补鈥 t貌iseachadh 补鈥 c貌rdadh ri Slim. 鈥淐han eil an cn脿imh fh猫in ann, ach d矛reach am platinum.鈥


鈥淭ha sin ceart,鈥 dh鈥檃ontaich am Morair. 鈥淐haidh a chumadh 鈥檚 a chruthachadh bho chlaigeann duine bhon ochdamh linn deug. Ach 猫ist ri seo, tha fiaclan an duine anns 补鈥 chlaigeann a tha sin; fiaclan m貌ra, geal, gr脿nda, agus am beul fosgailte ann an craos g脿ire agus na s霉ilean m貌r, dubh agus falamh. Tha mi 鈥檊 r脿dh riut, chuireadh e gaoir tromhad.鈥

Oisean 补鈥 Ghr脿mair 4: Notaichean

1. as motha / a bu mhotha (鈥榖iggest鈥, etc. )


Cuideachd: BEAG AIR BHEAG 1, 笔谤貌驳谤补尘补苍 3 & 4.


m貌r听听听听 as motha听听听听 biggest听听听听听听 a bu mh辞迟丑补听听听听听 biggest (in the past)
math听听听as fhe脿rr听听听听听 best听听听听听听听听听听听听 a b鈥 fh别脿谤谤听听听听听听听听听 best (in the past)


ainmeil听听听听 as ainmeile听听听 most famous听听听 a b鈥 ainmeile听听听听听听 most famous (past)
bl脿th听听听听听听听听 as bl脿ithe 听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听听 a bu bhl脿ithe听听听 听 warmest (past)
carthannach听听听 as carthannaiche 听听听 a bu ch补谤迟丑补苍苍补颈肠丑别听听听 kindliest (past)
cudromach听听听听 听as cudromaiche听听听听 听a bu chudromaiche听听听 most important (past)
tarraingeach听听听 as tarraingiche听听听听 听听 a bu tharraingiche听听听听听听 most attractive (past)


M矛cheal Bochanan (ann am Pr貌gram 3):


an cloc as motha air an t-saoghal听听鈥榯丑别 biggest clock in the world鈥
an cloc as ainmeile air thalamh听听听鈥榯丑别 most famous clock on earth鈥
an sealladh as tarraingiche ann an Lunnainn听听听听 鈥榯丑别 most attractive sight in London鈥


If sentence in past tense:


an cloc a bu mhotha air an t-saoghal
an cloc a b鈥 ainmeile air thalamh听
an sealladh a bu tharraingiche ann an Lunnainn听听


Griogair Labhraidh (Pr貌gram 4):


Theirinn gur e 鈥楢鈥 F脿gail Cheann 补鈥 Ghe脿rrloch鈥 am fear as fhe脿rr dhomhsa co-dhi霉.听
鈥業 would say that 鈥楲eaving Garelochhead鈥 is the best one [song] for me anyway.鈥


B鈥 e D貌mhnall am b脿rd a bu chudromaiche a bha be貌 anns an fhicheadamh linn dhomhsa co-dhi霉.听
鈥楧辞苍补濒诲 was the most important bard/poet alive in the twentieth century for me anyway.鈥


Ach. . .听 鈥楧辞苍补濒诲 is the most important bard/poet alive today鈥:听听听
鈥橲 e D貌mhnall am b脿rd as cudromaiche a tha be貌 san latha an-diugh.听听


Maletta NicPh脿il (Pr貌gram 1):
鈥...nuair a bha daoine smaoineachadh gu robh an aimsir dol a dh鈥 fh脿s na b鈥 fhe脿rr 鈥檚 na bu bhl脿ithe 鈥檚 na bu charthannaich鈥澨
鈥榳hen people thought the weather was going to get better and warmer and kindlier鈥


Ach . . . 鈥楾he weather is going to get better and warmer and kindlier鈥:
Tha an aimsir dol a dh鈥 fh脿s nas fhe脿rr 鈥檚 nas bl脿ithe 鈥檚 nas carthannaiche.


Cuideachd:
mar as trice听听听 鈥榰sually, more often than not鈥櫶 (present) 听
mar bu thrice听听 鈥榰sually, more often than not鈥櫶 (past)听


2.听听听听 ginideach (genitive)


(i)
an caolas听听 鈥榯丑别 kyle鈥櫶
Baile 补鈥 Chaolais听 鈥榯丑别 village of the kyle鈥, Ballachulish


Griogair Labhraidh:听
鈥淏uinidh mo theaghlach do dh鈥橢arra-Gh脿idheal a Tuath, do Bhail鈥 补鈥 Chaolais.鈥澨
鈥淢y family belongs to North Argyll, to Ballachulish.鈥


am p貌sadh听听 鈥(the) marriage鈥櫶 鈫捥 补鈥 ph貌saidh听听听 of (the) marriage鈥櫶


Ailean Caimbeul:听听
鈥. . . agus ri linn 补鈥 ph貌saidh, 鈥檚 e Anna Michie a th鈥 oirre a-nist.鈥澨
鈥. . . and as a听result of (the) marriage, she鈥檚 called Anna Michie now.鈥


ce貌l听听 鈫捥 ci霉il听听 鈥榦蹿 尘耻蝉颈肠鈥
luchd-ci霉il听听 鈥榩eople of music, i.e. musicians鈥櫶
肠貌尘丑濒补苍-肠颈霉颈濒 鈥榖and of music, i.e. a band鈥櫶
f猫is-chi霉il听听 鈥榓 festival of 尘耻蝉颈肠鈥


Ailean Caimbeul:听听听听
Cha d猫an 肠貌尘丑濒补苍-肠颈霉颈濒 sgath gun amplifiers is speakers is glaodhraich is fuaim.听听
鈥楢 band won鈥檛 do a thing [nowadays] without amplifiers and speakers and racket and noise.鈥櫶


(Faic cuideachd BEAG AIR BHEAG 1, Pr貌gram 5: Puing 1.)


(ii)


Cuideachd, ann an cuid de dhualchainntean (in some dialects):


Tha mi 补鈥 d猫anamh / ag iarraidh / 补鈥 cluinntinn听 etc听听 + ginideach


Ailean Caimbeul:听听
鈥淎n robh sibh 补鈥 cluinntinn 补鈥 chi霉il a dh鈥檃indeoin an t-sluagh 补鈥 dannsa?鈥澨
鈥楥ould you hear the music in spite of the crowd dancing?鈥
Anna Michie:听听
鈥淏ha sinn 补鈥 cluinnteal [ = cluinntinn] 补鈥 chi霉il, agus bha an dannsa d矛reach miorbhaileach math.鈥澨
鈥榃e could hear the music, and the dance was just amazingly good.鈥櫶


Eisimpleirean eile:


Chuala sinn an c霉. 鈥榃e heard the dog.鈥
Ach:听 Bha sinn听 补鈥 cluinntinn 补鈥 choin.听 鈥榃e were hearing [i.e. could hear] the dog.鈥櫶


Lean iad an abhainn.听 鈥楾hey followed the river.鈥櫶
Ach:听 Bha iad 补鈥 leantail na h-aibhne.听 鈥楾hey were following the river.鈥


Gabhaidh mi an t-iasg.听 鈥業鈥檒l have the fish.鈥
Ach:听 Tha mi ag iarraidh an 猫isg.听 鈥業鈥檓 wanting the fish.鈥櫶


Ch矛 sinn 补鈥 mhuir.听 鈥榃e鈥檒l see the ocean.鈥
Ach:听 Bidh sinn 补鈥 faicinn na mara.听 鈥榃e鈥檒l be seeing the ocean.鈥


Ch矛 mi an uair.听 鈥業 see the time (the hour).鈥
Ach:听 Tha mi 补鈥 faicinn na h-uarach, agus tha an t-脿m agam falbh.听
鈥業鈥檓 seeing (I can see) the time (鈥榯丑别 hour鈥), and it鈥檚 time for me to go.鈥


N.B.
鈾偺 听补鈥 chaolais听听听听 补鈥 chi霉il听听听听听听 补鈥 choin听听听听听听 an 猫isg听听听听 补鈥 ph貌saidh听 : 鈥榦蹿 the [masculine noun]鈥
鈾听听 听na h-aibhne听听听na mara听听听听听听na h-uarach听听 :听听 鈥榦蹿 the [feminine noun]鈥

Abairt na Seachdain


Thig math 脿 mulad 's thig sonas 脿 suaimhneas

Oisean 补鈥 Ghr脿mair 4: Notaichean

1. as motha / a bu mhotha (鈥榖iggest鈥, etc. )


Cuideachd: BEAG AIR BHEAG 1, 笔谤貌驳谤补尘补苍 3 & 4.


m貌r听听听听 as motha听听听听 biggest听听听听听听 a bu mh辞迟丑补听听听听听 biggest (in the past)
math听听听as fhe脿rr听听听听听 best听听听听听听听听听听听听 a b鈥 fh别脿谤谤听听听听听听听听听 best (in the past)


ainmeil听听as ainmeile听 most famous听听听 a b鈥 ainmeile听听most famous (past)
bl脿th听听as bl脿ithe 听听听a bu bhl脿ithe听听warmest (past)
carthannach听as carthannaiche 听听a bu charthannaiche听kindliest (past)
cudromach听听听听 听as cudromaiche听听听听 听听a bu chudromaiche听most important (past)
tarraingeach听听听 as tarraingiche听听听听 听听a bu tharraingiche听most attractive (past)


M矛cheal Bochanan (ann am Pr貌gram 3):


an cloc as motha air an t-saoghal听听鈥榯丑别 biggest clock in the world鈥
an cloc as ainmeile air thalamh听听听鈥榯丑别 most famous clock on earth鈥
an sealladh as tarraingiche ann an Lunnainn听听听听 鈥榯丑别 most attractive sight in London鈥


If sentence in past tense:


an cloc a bu mhotha air an t-saoghal
an cloc a b鈥 ainmeile air thalamh听
an sealladh a bu tharraingiche ann an Lunnainn听听听


Griogair Labhraidh (Pr貌gram 4):


Theirinn gur e 鈥楢鈥 F脿gail Cheann 补鈥 Ghe脿rrloch鈥 am fear as fhe脿rr dhomhsa co-dhi霉.听
鈥業 would say that 鈥楲eaving Garelochhead鈥 is the best one [song] for me anyway.鈥


B鈥 e D貌mhnall am b脿rd a bu chudromaiche a bha be貌 anns an fhicheadamh linn dhomhsa co-dhi霉.听
鈥楧辞苍补濒诲 was the most important bard/poet alive in the twentieth century for me anyway.鈥


Ach. . .听 鈥楧辞苍补濒诲 is the most important bard/poet alive today鈥:听听听
鈥橲 e D貌mhnall am b脿rd as cudromaiche a tha be貌 san latha an-diugh.听听


Maletta NicPh脿il (Pr貌gram 1):
鈥...nuair a bha daoine smaoineachadh gu robh an aimsir dol a dh鈥 fh脿s na b鈥 fhe脿rr 鈥檚 na bu bhl脿ithe 鈥檚 na bu charthannaich鈥澨
鈥榳hen people thought the weather was going to get better and warmer and kindlier鈥


Ach . . . 鈥楾he weather is going to get better and warmer and kindlier鈥:
Tha an aimsir dol a dh鈥 fh脿s nas fhe脿rr 鈥檚 nas bl脿ithe 鈥檚 nas carthannaiche.


Cuideachd:
mar as trice听听听 鈥榰sually, more often than not鈥櫶 (present) 听
mar bu thrice听听 鈥榰sually, more often than not鈥櫶 (past)听


2.听听听听 ginideach (genitive)


(i)
an caolas听听 鈥榯丑别 kyle鈥櫶
Baile 补鈥 Chaolais听 鈥榯丑别 village of the kyle鈥, Ballachulish


Griogair Labhraidh:听听
鈥淏uinidh mo theaghlach do dh鈥橢arra-Gh脿idheal a Tuath, do Bhail鈥 补鈥 Chaolais.鈥澨
鈥淢y family belongs to North Argyll, to Ballachulish.鈥


am p貌sadh听听 鈥(the) marriage鈥櫶 鈫捥 补鈥 ph貌saidh听听听 鈥榦蹿 (the) marriage鈥櫶


Ailean Caimbeul:听听
鈥. . . agus ri linn 补鈥 ph貌saidh, 鈥檚 e Anna Michie a th鈥 oirre a-nist.鈥澨
鈥. . . and a result of (the) marriage, she鈥檚 called Anna Michie now.鈥


ce貌l听听 鈫捥 ci霉il听听 鈥榦蹿 尘耻蝉颈肠鈥
luchd-ci霉il听听 鈥榩eople of music, i.e. musicians鈥櫶
肠貌尘丑濒补苍-肠颈霉颈濒 鈥榖and of music, i.e. a band鈥櫶
f猫is-chi霉il听听 鈥榓 festival of 尘耻蝉颈肠鈥


Ailean Caimbeul:听听听听
Cha d猫an 肠貌尘丑濒补苍-肠颈霉颈濒 sgath gun amplifiers is speakers is glaodhraich is fuaim.听听
鈥楢 band won鈥檛 do a thing [nowadays] without amplifiers and speakers and racket and noise.鈥櫶


(Faic cuideachd BEAG AIR BHEAG 1, Pr貌gram 5: Puing 1.)


(ii)


Cuideachd, ann an cuid de dhualchainntean (in some dialects):


Tha mi 补鈥 d猫anamh / ag iarraidh / 补鈥 cluinntinn听 etc听听 + ginideach


Ailean Caimbeul:听听
鈥 An robh sibh 补鈥 cluinntinn 补鈥 chi霉il a dh鈥檃indeoin an t-sluagh 补鈥 dannsa?鈥澨
鈥楥ould you hear the music in spite of the crowd dancing?鈥
Anna Michie:听听
鈥淏ha sinn 补鈥 cluinnteal [ = cluinntinn] 补鈥 chi霉il, agus bha an dannsa d矛reach miorbhaileach math.鈥澨
鈥榃e could hear the music, and the dance was just amazingly good.鈥櫶


Eisimpleirean eile:


Chuala sinn an c霉. 鈥榃e heard the dog.鈥
Ach:听 Bha sinn听 补鈥 cluinntinn 补鈥 choin.听 鈥榃e were hearing [i.e. could hear] the dog.鈥櫶


Lean iad an abhainn.听 鈥楾hey followed the river.鈥櫶
Ach:听 Bha iad 补鈥 leantail na h-aibhne.听 鈥楾hey were following the river.鈥


Gabhaidh mi an t-iasg.听 鈥業鈥檒l have the fish.鈥
Ach:听 Tha mi ag iarraidh an 猫isg.听 鈥業鈥檓 wanting the fish.鈥櫶


Ch矛 sinn 补鈥 mhuir.听 鈥榃e鈥檒l see the ocean.鈥
Ach:听 Bidh sinn 补鈥 faicinn na mara.听 鈥榃e鈥檒l be seeing the ocean.鈥


Ch矛 mi an uair.听 鈥業 see the time (the hour).鈥
Ach:听 Tha mi 补鈥 faicinn na h-uarach, agus tha an t-脿m agam falbh.听
鈥業鈥檓 seeing (I can see) the time (鈥榯丑别 hour鈥), and it鈥檚 time for me to go.鈥


N.B.
鈾偺 听补鈥 chaolais听听听听 补鈥 chi霉il听听听听听听 补鈥 choin听听听听听听 an 猫isg听听听听 补鈥 ph貌saidh听 : 鈥榦蹿 the [masculine noun]鈥
鈾听听 听na h-aibhne听听听听 na mara听听听听听听听听 na h-uarach听听 :听听 鈥榦蹿 the [feminine noun]鈥

Broadcasts

  • Sun 8 Nov 2015 21:30
  • Wed 11 Nov 2015 22:00
  • Sun 15 Nov 2015 10:30
  • Sun 31 Jan 2016 21:30
  • Wed 3 Feb 2016 12:00
  • Wed 3 Feb 2016 22:00
  • Sun 7 Feb 2016 10:31
  • Sun 9 May 2021 21:30
  • Wed 12 May 2021 12:00
  • Wed 12 May 2021 22:00
  • Sun 16 May 2021 10:30

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