91Èȱ¬

One technique we developed allowed a rough 3D model of a scene to be created using a single camera, by inferring the depth of people using the assumption that their feet were in contact with the ground, and knowledge about the location and angles of the camera.Ìý We looked at whether this could be used for sports analysis, by allowing a view of a scene to be reconstructed from a viewpoint some way away from the real camera, for example to provide a view of a key incident in a football game from a top-down perspective or from the viewpoint of a linesman.Ìý Images of the players were extracted from the image (using chroma-key to separate them from the green grass), and automatically placed at the appropriate locations in a virtual stadium model.Ìý This was combined with virtual graphics drawn on the pitch to illustrate things like offside lines and player tracks.

We produced a prototype system to prove the concept, and licensed the patent and underlying software to who went on to produce the Piero sports graphics system.Ìý The system was named after the Italian painter and pioneer of perspective, Piero della Francesca.Ìý We also worked closely with 91Èȱ¬ Sport and 91Èȱ¬ Outside Broadcasts to ensure the system was practical and met the needs of sports producers.

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A raw image comes into Piero for processing.

And after processing we can see additional info embedded with the action, and can view from a new angle.

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Piero went to air for the first time during 91Èȱ¬'s , on Saturday 25th September 2004, and has been in use by the 91Èȱ¬ for both football and rugby coverage ever since.Ìý We have continued to develop new technology that has been incorporated into Piero, for example a method to track camera movement using image analysis, initially using pitch lines which you can read about within 91Èȱ¬ R&D White Paper 168 and later using more general image features which again you can read about within 91Èȱ¬ R&D White Paper 181, allowing it to be used for a wide range of sports without needing to rely on motion sensors on the camera mountings.Ìý Red Bee also continued to develop the system, adding a range of ‘tied-to-pitch’ graphics for other sports, and adding features such as a touch-screen interface and the ability to add 3D player models. Piero won an IBC Innovation Award in 2006.Ìý It is now used in over 40 countries around the world, and at last year’s World Cup in South Africa, over 85% of all analysis effects used in the world feed came from the Piero system.

I’d like to thank my colleagues at 91Èȱ¬ R&D who have worked with me on this project over the years, including Peter Brightwell, Jigna Chandaria, Robert Dawes, Hannah Fraser, Oliver Grau, and Chris Pike.Ìý I’d also like to thank the Piero team at Red Bee Media.

EDIT (Ant Miller):Ìý The team have too.Ìý Congratulations to them for their part in this excellent acheivement.