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In general, scientists work out explanations based on repeatedly collecting and analysing data. The way in which scientists develop explanations is known as the scientific method.

It is important to process and present data in a way which makes it easy to analyse. It is also important to evaluate the quality of data before drawing a conclusion.

Data shows a correlation if the change in a factor is similar to the change in an outcome. Scientists must find a scientific explanation to conclude that a particular factor causes an outcome.

Considering the personal, social, economic, environmental and ethical issues is important when considering the impact of scientific advances to decide whether the benefits outweigh the risk.