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In general, scientists work out explanations based on repeatedly collecting and analysing data. The way in which scientists develop explanations is known as the scientific method.

Scientific data is collected, presented and then analysed. It is important to evaluate the quality of data before drawing a conclusion.

Data shows a correlation if the change in a factor is similar to the change in an outcome. Scientists must find a scientific explanation to conclude that a particular factor causes an outcome.

It is important that scientists communicate their work with the public, other scientists and politicians. This means decisions can be made that consider the risks, benefits, costs and ethical issues.