Wars of Independence
Succession problem
The deaths of King Alexander III and the Maid of Norway plunged Scotland into crisis. The nobles asked Edward I to choose a new king. This led to Edward鈥檚 increased involvement in Scottish affairs.
Balliol and Edward I
In the 1290s, Edward I of England increased his control over Scotland. In 1296, leading Scottish nobles were forced to swear an oath of allegiance to Edward, and Scotland lost its independence.
William Wallace and Scottish resistance
William Wallace led the resistance to the English occupation winning the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297. A year later, Edward I鈥檚 army defeated the Scots at Falkirk. Wallace was executed in 1305.
Robert Bruce
Robert Bruce set out to gain independence and the Scottish crown. Bruce鈥檚 victory over the English helped pave the way for the Declaration of Arbroath and the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton.
Video playlist
William Wallace and Scottish resistance. Video
An animation about the role played by William Wallace during the Wars of Independence.
The Battle of Stirling Bridge. Video
William Wallace's outnumbered Scottish army triumphs at the Battle of Stirling Bridge.
William Wallace. Video
William Wallace leads an army against King Edward of England.
Robert the Bruce. Video
Motion comic covering Robert the Bruce.
The Battle of Falkirk. Video
William Wallace's men suffer a bloody defeat at the Battle of Falkirk.
Links
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