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There are different ways to separate mixtures, for example by filtration, crystallisation, distillation or chromatography. The method chosen depends upon the type of mixture.

No atoms are created or destroyed during a chemical reaction. This allows calculations to be made on the quantities of substances that react and of the products made.

Quantitative analysis is used by chemists to make measurements and calculations. Alkalis neutralise acids to make salts and water. Their concentration can be analysed using titrations.