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19 September 2014
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91热爆 - History - Scottish History

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Victorian Scotland - An Introduction
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Victorian GlasgowQueen Victoria came to the throne in 1837 when she was just 18, lending her name to the rest of the century. The Victorian era was a confident, dynamic time, with Scotland becoming richer by the day and Glasgow becoming known as "the second city of the Empire". With the British Empire covering a quarter of the world, vast riches reached Scottish shores from India, Africa, the West Indies, Australia and Canada. As the wealth of the Empire permeated through the country, few areas were left untouched by its influence.

The Victorian era brought huge changes to everyday life in Scotland. The advent of the railway shortened journey times and opened up areas of the country previously out of reach to most people, as taking holidays in the Highlands and the Trossachs became popular with those who could afford it. Leisure time was more freely available than it had ever been and many new pastimes evolved. Tea rooms were opened by the likes of Thomas Lipton in the 1870s and people found time to enjoy themselves in the newly opened music halls and pubs. The diet of the average citizen changed as refrigeration and faster delivery times made the transportation of food easier, and many of the staples which we now associate with a basic standard of living were introduced by the Victorian push to improve and reform.

Victorian Glasgow
No other era of Scottish history has left such an indelible mark on our cities as the Victorian era. Glasgow, for example, was designed as a centre of commerce along the lines of the great American cities, like New York. Its Victorian city centre was built to a grid plan and this democratic street layout means that it is still difficult to confidently name Glasgow's main street - is it Argyll Street, Buchanan Street or Sauchiehall Street?

Victorian society was very conscious of class hierarchy and this was apparent in the architecture of places like Partick, in the west of Glasgow. Here, individual villas at the top of the hill were the reserve of wealthy industrialists, bankers and merchants. Below that, the housing reflected the social pecking order - terraces for the professional classes, fine tenements for the skilled workers who thought of themselves as lower middle class, and no-frills housing blocks for the labourers.

 
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