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Archives for May 2009

A tale of two schools

Fergus Walsh | 18:01 UK time, Thursday, 28 May 2009

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Two British schools announced today that they are to be closed for at least a week as a result of H1N1 swine flu.

Annette Street primary schoolAnnette Street Primary School in Glasgow after a five-year-old showed symptoms of the virus. However, I expect that most media reports will focus on another school - one in Berkshire.

, perhaps the most famous public school in the country, after a 13-year-old boy tested positive for the virus.

Pupils at Eton, which was attended by Princes William and Harry, are currently on half-term. The Health Protection Agency confirmed another 17 cases of swine flu in the UK today, bringing the total to 203.

Progress towards a swine flu vaccine

Fergus Walsh | 12:16 UK time, Thursday, 28 May 2009

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It's good to see progress is being made towards a vaccine against the new influenza A(H1N1) virus strain, more commonly known as swine flu. has just announced that it has produced a strain of virus suitable for a vaccine. at the HPA laboratories in Hertfordshire.

Scientists working on swine flu vaccine

The team at NIBSC (the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control) is one of a small number worldwide working on producing a safe "seed strain" virus. This will now be sent to vaccine manufacturers who will get it ready for full-scale production as and when the World Health Organisation declares a flu pandemic or directs them that the time is right to switch from production of seasonal flu vaccines to a pandemic strain.

NIBSC received its original swine flu virus from the (CDC) in Atlanta which is co-ordinating the scientific response to this novel form of influenza. So it's not surprising that the CDC is a few days ahead of scientists in the UK.

Yesterday, Sanofi Pasteur, which has vaccine plants in France and the US . Clearly this is not a race. For something of such potential importance as a pandemic flu vaccine, it's good to know there are several teams working on it.

Swine flu death toll reaches 100

Fergus Walsh | 15:41 UK time, Wednesday, 27 May 2009

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The global death toll for swine flu appears to have passed 100 .

The death of two more New Yorkers has brought the toll in the United States to 14.

This is slightly higher than . This is the most reliable place to get statistics on the spread of H1N1 swine flu, although it tends to lag behind new national figures by a couple of days. According to the WHO, 48 countries have officially reported 13,398 cases of infection including 92 deaths.

For the moment than H1N1 swine flu. There have been 429 recorded cases of H5N1, 262 people have died. But those deaths go back to 2003 and there have been outbreaks in 15 countries. H5N1 is a disease of poultry and you need very close contact with birds to catch it. There have been just a few cases of person-to-person infection.

H1N1, although it is mild by comparison, is currently of far greater concern. The virus has spread to 48 countries in just a few months. Although the label "swine flu" has stuck to H1N1 influenza, it is no longer accurate. H1N1 is a human disease, and unlike H5N1 it spreads easily from person to person. The WHO and the US government no longer use the term "swine flu", but the UK government does.

Sudden jump in number of cases

Fergus Walsh | 17:28 UK time, Tuesday, 26 May 2009

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What should we make of the sudden jump in the number of confirmed swine flu cases in Britain? , all of them connected to an outbreak at a school in Handsworth.

Welford primary schoolThe total number of cases at has reached 50, most of them children. That means that nearly a third of Britain's 184 confirmed cases now centre on one outbreak.

While any sudden jump in the number of cases is of concern, there appears to be no evidence of widespread transmission of the virus in the community. The World Health Organisation would declare a pandemic only if the virus were seen to be spreading without check in two regions of the world.

, including more than 90 deaths.

Although the majority of deaths have been in Mexico, it's the United States which is now the focal point of the outbreak, with just over half of all the world's cases.

Health officials will be keeping a keen eye on what happens after this week's half-term break with many families taking holidays in the USA. A week from now, it would not be surprising to see another rise in cases linked to foreign travel.

Explaining flu

Fergus Walsh | 15:00 UK time, Friday, 22 May 2009

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How do you tell members of your audience that half of them could get , and not cause panic?

Traveller being interviewed after returning from MexicoA few weeks later, when there are hopeful signs that the outbreak in the UK is not spreading out of control, how do you avoid the charge of overselling the story?

If there is a right way to report H1N1 swine flu, it must involve an honest admission about the degree of uncertainty. Journalists, and in particular specialists, are often uncomfortable admitting that they don't have definitive answers.

But if someone speaks with absolute certainty on how H1N1 swine flu will develop, they are probably best avoided. There is simply too much that scientists don't know yet, such as how contagious the virus is, or how virulent it might become.

. Despite all the computer modelling and years of planning, scientists can't say how the next pandemic will play out. So if we are unsure how this will develop, we should make that clear.

Numbers can be scary and misleading. The 1918 flu pandemic killed about 50 million people, perhaps many more. The official UK estimate for deaths from the next flu pandemic is as much as 750,000.

From those two figures alone, you could panic everyone. But use some context, and it all sounds less frightening.

In 1918, we didn't have anti-virals or antibiotics to deal with the complications of flu. The 1968 pandemic killed around one million people worldwide. Bear in mind that normal seasonal flu kills between 250,000 and 500,000 people each year and it doesn't look so bad.

The official UK estimate for deaths ranges from 50,000 to 750,000 excess deaths, but takes no account of the effect that anti-virals and other containment measures may have in reducing mortality.

And remember that in winters, when there is an epidemic of seasonal flu, you can get 30,000 extra deaths. Flu, in any form, should not be underestimated.

So what happens if a pandemic is declared next week? Unless the virus is spreading in Britain, it should not directly affect the day-to-day lives of most of us.

We simply can't say when an epidemic of H1N1 will develop here; all we can predict is that it is likely at some point. Given the warmer summer temperatures, we might escape an epidemic for several months or more. The virus could return in the autumn. Previous pandemics have started mild and then become more virulent.

Several people have asked me whether this is a "good time" to catch swine flu. The theory goes that if you get a mild disease now, you will then have immunity for when the virus returns in a more serious form next winter.

Well, that's possible. But then again, it might not work out like that. It would be irresponsible to risk spreading a virus to which most of us appear to have no immunity.

The death rate is low, but you or your children might be unlucky. You might get mild symptoms, but your neighbour who already has a compromised immune system might not. So if you get an invite to a swine flu party, just tell them to keep their germs to themselves.

About Fergus On Flu

Fergus Walsh | 09:53 UK time, Thursday, 21 May 2009

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I've been reporting for the 91Èȱ¬ since 1984 and for the past few years, I've been the medical correspondent for 91Èȱ¬ News.

I reported from and on the threat posed by . I have also reported on , and - which together claim millions of lives each year. These pose a far more immediate and deadly threat to the world than swine flu.

Given that the virus has caused very few deaths in comparison, it may seem odd to start blogging now. But it's which has prompted the blog.

I'll try to chart , to assess the threat it poses, and to let you know what various governments and health bodies are doing to prepare for a pandemic.

I'll do my best to answer your questions and respond to your comments. Bear in mind that I'm not a qualified scientist, but a journalist. So I'll try not to blind you with complex data. If you have a complicated scientific question, please try to put it as simply and clearly as possible.

I certainly don't have all the answers, but I can try to get them for you. I guess that everyone's hope is that the likely pandemic of H1N1 flu doesn't happen. If that's the case, then at some point, I can wind up this blog. For the time being, though, it pays to be prepared. Welcome to Fergus On Flu.

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